The origin of the University of Urbino is closely linked to the history ducal that, in the early sixteenth century, was the Vicariate of the Holy Roman Church, ruled in succession by Guidubaldo I da Montefeltro (1482-1508) and Francesco Maria I Della Rovere (1508-1538). In fact, a series of events that seem to combine the general interest of the Holy See and nepotism of Pope Julius II, marked, between 1506 and 1507, the birth of the first group of the public study that would determine the centuries and up to this day the fate of Urbino.
Everything starts with the decree of Guidobaldo I and April 26, 1506 rearranged the College of Accountants of Urbino and by Pope Julius bubble II, Ad Sanctam Beati Petri Sedem Divine dispositione sublimated, dated February 18, 1507, which are the most important founding documents Urbino the Judiciary, which, among other things, he also had the right to dottorare. It should be noted that, if the legal power to Guidobaldo da Montefeltro was, large, granted to the vicars of the Church, its domains and the Della Rovere were nevertheless subject to the ultimate jurisdiction and to supervision of the Rector of the March, the Legate of Bologna and the Perugia, given the complex geographical position of the territory.